Gaze-Based Interfaces
We have also worked toward designing "gaze-driven" systems in which users
control a computer using their eyes (possibly with other input). Because
of the typical noise and variability in eye-movement data, most existing
gaze-driven interfaces incorporate constraints that limit performance
in the system (e.g., a minimum "dwell time" that users must spend looking
at an item before it activates). In contrast, we have developed two novel
gaze-driven interfaces that reduce or eliminate these constraints by using
intelligent probabilistic algorithms to interpret eye movements, thus
alleviating data noise and increasing usability. One interface, the "eye-typing
interface," allows users to type words by looking at letters on an on-screen
keyboard [1]. Another interface, IGO, provides a Mac/Windows-like operating-system
interface in which users can open and close folders, move icons, and select
menu items with gaze input as well as standard mouse input [2]. In both
interfaces, users quickly adapt to the new input method and can perform
tasks efficiently after very little practice. These interfaces show enormous
potential for efficient, user-friendly gaze-driven interaction for both
physically disabled and able-bodied users. We are looking into how these
algorithms could be integrated into other existing and novel gaze-driven
systems.
Primary References
[1] Salvucci, D. D. (1999). Inferring intent in eye-movement interfaces: Tracing
user actions with process models. In Human Factors in Computing
Systems: CHI 99 Conference Proceedings(pp. 254-261). New York:
ACM Press.
[2] Salvucci, D. D., & Anderson, J. R. (2000). Intelligent gaze-added interfaces. In Human Factors
in Computing Systems: CHI 2000 Conference Proceedings(pp. 273-280).
New York: ACM Press.
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